Prediction of unit haulage cost in an underground mine using machine learning techniques

Marco Cotrina, National University of Trujillo, Department of Mining Engineering, Peru,Follow
Jairo Marquina, National University of Trujillo, Department of Mining Engineering, Peru
Junior Polo, National University of Trujillo, Department of Mining Engineering, Peru

Author ORCID Identifier

Marco Cotrina: 0000-0003-3801-0370

Jairo Marquina: 0000-0002-5880-8227

Junior Polo: 0000-0003-0230-393X

Abstract

The primary objective of the research was to apply machine learning techniques to forecast the unit costs of ore hauling in an underground mine. The methodology employed was quantitative, with a non-experimental and descriptive design. Haulage data were collected over a 12-month period. Furthermore, an exploratory data analysis (EDA) was conducted using various models, including ANN-MLP (Artificial Neural Network – Multilayer Perceptron), Random Forests, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Support Vector Regression, Decision Tree, KNN, and Bayesian Regression, to handle the data’s complexity. The data were split into 80% for training, 10% for testing, and 10% for validation. The results indicated that the ANN-MLP achieved an R² of 0.94 and an MSE of 8.77, the Random Forests showed an R² of 0.97 with an MSE of 3.78, XGBoost achieved an R² of 0.99 with an MSE of 2.03, SVR yielded an R² of 0.96 with an MSE of 5.05, KNN obtained an R² of 0.90 with an MSE of 13.57, and the Bayesian Regression model achieved an R² of 0.88 with an MSE of 16.15. Ultimately, it was concluded that the XGBoost model exhibited the best performance in forecasting the unit costs of ore haulage in an underground mine.

Recommended Citation

Cotrina, Marco; Marquina, Jairo; and Polo, Junior (2025) "Prediction of unit haulage cost in an underground mine using machine learning techniques," Journal of Sustainable Mining: Vol. 24 : Iss. 2 , Article 9.
Available at: https://doi.org/10.46873/2300-3960.1454